Macbeth 11 :: essays research papers

Macbeth Show how Macbeth and Lady Macbeth have to go against their own natures in order to kill Duncan. Each character in Macbeth has to either fight or give in to the evil. Because evil is contrary to human nature, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth have to go against their own conscience in order to murder Duncan. When the witches predict that Macbeth will become Thane of Cawdor and later, King of Scotland, he is stunned to silence by their prophecies. When murder enters Macbeths mind he is frightened by his thoughts. He tries to reject his impulse, declaring that he will leave everything to chance: ?If chance will have me King, why, chance may crown me Without my stir.? Very soon he begins to confess a ‘suggestion?of ‘horrible imaginings? Soon after, he admits to possessing ‘black and deep desires?but he is afraid to speak about them openly, even to himself. Later on he indites a letter to Lady Macbeth containing conjecture about the prophecies of the three witches. She im mediately wants to take fate into her own hands. She begs the evil spirits to tear all human feelings from her, for she knows that she will have to urge her husband, Macbeth, to become King by murdering Duncan. She will have to give up all the gentle, tender qualities of a woman, so that she can become a sexless, pitiless demon. She has to make her husband ignore his own conscience. She declares: ?Thou wouldst be great, Art not without ambition, but without The illness should attend it.? By ‘illness?she means ‘evil? Macbeth seizes evil, as one might catch a disease. When Macbeth has the opportunity to think about his wife’s suggestions and about his desires to become King, he becomes aware of the duty that he owes to Duncan, his loyal King. Following a great battle with himself, Macbeth decides not to go through with the murder. He states to Lady Macbeth: ?We will proceed no further in this business.? Macbeth is not prepared for all her wrath and abuse. She calls h im a coward. When in reality it is not cowardice that restrains Macbeth, it is his conscience. She also insults his masculinity, and declares that she would have murdered her child while it was feeding at her breast, rather than break such a promise as Macbeth had done. Persuaded by her conviction, he yields to her, and in order to prove himself a man in her eyes, goes against his own nature and agrees to the murder of King Duncan.

Business Financial Metrics

A business metric is also known as a financial ratio or performance indicator. Financial ratios lift the veil on a firm’s operating prowess, telling investors how the company navigates the doldrums of a bad company. There are four common types of performance indicators in modern-day financial analysis: Liquidity, Efficiency, Profitability, and Safety. Liquidity Ratios Working Capital Formula: Total Current Assets – Total Current Liabilities The working capital metric is a measure of both a company’s efficiency and its short term financial health.Positive working capital means that the company is able to pay off its short-term liabilities. Negative working capital means that a company currently is unable to meet its short-term liabilities with its current assets. Current Ratio Formula: Total Current Assets / Total Current Liabilities Generally this metric measures the overall liquidity position of a company. It is certainly not a perfect barometer, but good enough . Watch for big decreases in this number over time. Make sure the accounts listed in current assets are collectible. Quick RatioFormula: (Cash – Accounts Receivable) / Total Current Liabilities This is another good indicator of liquidity although by itself, it is not a perfect one. If there are receivable accounts included in the numerator, they should be collectible. Look at the length of time the company has to pay the amount listed in the denominator. Inventory Days Formula: (Inventory / COGS) * 365 Inventory days show how much inventory (in days) is on hand. It indicates how quick a company can respond to market and/or product changes. Not all companies have inventory for the metric.Accounts Receivable Days Formula: (Account Receivable / Sales) * 365 Accounts Receivable shows how much inventory (in days) is on hand. It indicates how quick a company responds to market and/or product can change. Not all companies have inventory for the metric. Accounts Payable Days Formula: (Accounts Payable / COGS) * 365 Accounts Payable shows the average number of days that lapse between the purchase of material and labor, and payment of them. It is a rough measure of how timely a company is in meeting payment obligations. Profits and Profits Margins Gross Profit MarginFormula: (Sale – COGS) / Sales The financial metric that uses a firm’s financial health by revealing the proportion of money left over from revenues after accounting for the cost of goods sold. Gross profit margin serves as the source for paying additional expenses and future savings. Net Profit Margin Formula: (Adjusted Net Profit before Taxes / Sales) Net profit is one of the more important barometers that we look at. It measures how many cents of profit the company is generating for every dollar is sells. Track it carefully against industry competitors.This is a very important number in preparing forecasts. Advertising to Sales Formula: Advertising Expense / Sale Advertising to Sale s hows advertising expense for the company as percentage of sales. Borrowing Ratios Interest Coverage Ratio EBITDA / Interest Expense This ratio measures a company’s ability to service debt payments from operating cash flow (EBITDA). An increase ratio is a good indicator of improving credit quality. Debt-to-Equity Ratio Formula: Total Liabilities / Total Equity This balance sheet leverage ratio indicates the composition of a company’s total capitalization.The balance between money or assets owed versus the money or assets owned. Generally, creditors prefer a lower ratio to decrease financial risk while investors prefer a higher ratio to realize the return benefits of financial leverage. Debt Leverage Ratio Formula: Total Liabilities / EBITDA This ratio measures a company’s ability to repay debt obligations from annualized operation cash flow (EBITDA). Assets Ratios Return on Equity Formula: Net Income / Total Equity This measure show how much profit is being retur ned on the shareholders equity each year.It is a vital statistic from the perspective of equity holders in a company. Return on Assets Formula: Net Income / Total Assets This calculation measure the company’s ability to use its assets to create profits. Return on assets indicates how many cents of profit each dollar of asset is producing per year. It is quite important since managers can only be evaluated by looking at how they use the assets available. Business owners and managers continually monitor the performance of their companies, always looking for opportunities to improve and challenges to overcome.A number of important metrics of business performance management provide insight into how a company performs in a range of areas, including marketing effectiveness, financial management and operational efficiency. Keeping on top of these metrics can help your company to operate at its best. Reference Page http://www. mrdashboard. com/FinancialRatios. html http://www. soluti onmatrix. com/financial-metrics. html www. ehow. com/info_7753305_business-metrics. html http://cfowise. com/solution/financial-ratios

Communication and Personality in Negotiation

Over the years, negotiation has been a tactic used for different situations whether personal or professional. In theory, negotiation concepts and terms have been used to understand and analyze the purpose of negotiation by evaluating different characteristics. To better understand the concept of negotiation, the roles of communication and personality in negotiation and how they contributed to or detracted from the negotiation is analyzed. For example, a scenario is used further into this paper demonstrating these roles in the area of sales, using the different processes of negotiation in a win- win situation. In the process of negotiation, two parties usually resolve a situation using the process of perception to connect in their surrounding environment. However, negotiation is the bargaining between two parties who are trying to attain or win a situation, utilizing the key concepts of managing interdependence, engaging in mutual adjustment, creating value, and managing a conflict. Although these key concepts are the stepping stone in the function to negotiate, communication and personality roles in negotiation usually determines the different areas of communication and personality that analyzes different non verbal communication levels, communication channels, listening, and the five big personality factors in negotiation. Thus conflict also plays an important role where decisions and goals are perceived. The communication role. In the role of communication, the acceptable functions of questioning, active listening, positive eye contact and body language, and non polarizing language usually encodes and decodes messages that are been carried from one party to another which then results in a positive or negative feedback. Hence, the function of questioning in negotiation is used by an arguing party when they are trying to find out the sole purpose of the other parties goal in order to reach an understanding. This function questioning, is communicated through eye contact when a question is been asked, head nods to reveal understanding, and gestures to demonstrate the question. Also, questioning can take place face to face, on the phone or even through e-mail. These levels of communication described may be known as non verbal or different communication channels used in many functions of negotiation. On the other hand, active listening is perceived when a receiver in the arguing party restates or paraphrases the sender’s message in their own language (S. B. Lewicki , 2005). Positive eye contact and body language, and non polarizing language illustrate the negotiators’ feelings, reactions or thoughts for interpretation. The personality role An individual’s personality evaluates factors of that individual when in negotiation. A person who is in a negotiation may attain the factors of extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability. A person who has the personality trait of being extroversion is more relaxed and very confident, but needs stimulation to express emotions (extraversion, 2002). Agreeableness as a personality is one trait that comes out when both parties can agree on the similarities of a situation to close their bargaining. Conscientiousness displays emotion at its best when an individual is trying to get over on someone, but does not care because they are the one who will come out on top at the end of the situation. Moreover, emotional stability can be described as an individual who keeps a poker face in any situation. This personality trait is perceived by others as power. Conflict. Conflict in negotiation usually arises when two parties are negotiating for different goals. There are four levels of conflict; intrapersonal conflict that happens within a person, interpersonal that happens between two individuals, intergroup happens within a group, and intergroup that happens between groups. On a whole, conflict is what leads to negotiation in regard to solving a problem for a win-win situation. Scenario As mentioned in the above, negotiation has been a tactic used for different situations whether personal or professional. In this scenario, a sales representative at ADT security Systems was contacting a previous ADT customer who has an inactive alarm in their home. In addition, when the customer was contacted, the sales rep asked the customer if they wanted to be reactivated for free as a part of a special promotion that ADT was offering. As a result, the customer was very perceptive because of constant bad experiences with ADT as a security service provider. This customer’s bad experience was based on equipment not working, alarm keep on going off when there wasn’t anyone breaking in, and having low battery all the time. Because of these poor happenings, the customer went to the competition of ADT which is brinks as a security service provider. Furthermore, the customer told the sales representative that he would go back to ADT if he could get a credit towards a new alarm system or a lower monthly than what he is currently paying with brinks. The customer pays $25. 99 with brinks based on just monitoring. Being in sales, the sales representative asked the customer if maintenance was included in the monitoring charge (maintenance is an extra charge for malfunctions of systems where the company comes out and fix for free) the customer said no. In contrast, the sales representative told the customer that she can offer him a monthly plan that includes maintenance and an extra two months free. The customer began thinking because he had never had that offer with brinks, but he was also persistent because the monthly was $8. 00 dollars higher than brinks. On a negotiated aspect, the customer started declining, saying that was not enough and wanted more, so the sales representative began offering him free equipment in exchange for him paying the monthly that she was offering. Thinking is what the customer was doing, he eventually caved to the sales representative terms, got his free equipments, and the sales rep got her sale at a higher monthly than what the customer was paying for brinks. By contrast, this situation was a win-win situation for both the customer and the sales representative at ADT security systems. Negotiation occurs when there are conflicts to be resolved. These conflicts may arise when two parties cannot agree or when two parties needs to resolve a problem. The process of negotiation has been used for many years covering the areas of sales or contracts. Some negotiations are of win-win situations and some or not, depending on the dilemma. Is it necessary to negotiate? Yes it is. Why? Negotiation brings out characteristics in situations to decode messages that are perceived the wrong or right way. Negotiation is the tool of effectiveness to get the problem solved efficiently. References S. B . Lewicki , 2005. Negotiation chapter 5, the McGraw Hill companies 2005. Retrieved on September 30th, 2009, from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/content/eBookLibrary2/content/DownloadList. aspx? assetMetaId=9ef17708-1ddf-4b07-b135-33c10b621f8e&assetDataId=42d4c19a-d69c-4c0c-99ad-e443574b3e01 Extraversion, 2002. Extraversion. Retrieved on September 30th, 2009, from http://changingminds. org/explanations/preferences/extravert_introvert. htm